Aditya Hridayam: Meaning
The Aditya Hridayam, "the heart of Aditya", is a passage of the Yuddha Kanda of the Valmiki Ramayana. Ram stands on the battlefield, tired and anxious, when the sage Agastya teaches him this hymn to the Sun so that he can defeat Ravana. The first verses set the scene and praise the hymn; the middle verses name the Sun as all the gods and greet him by many names; the last verses tell how Ram recited it, took up his bow and went into battle. The notes give the sense of each verse and explain the names of the Sun.
ततो युद्धपरिश्रान्तं समरे चिन्तया स्थितम् । रावणं चाग्रतो दृष्ट्वा युद्धाय समुपस्थितम् ॥
tato yuddhapariśrāntaṃ samare cintayā sthitam । rāvaṇaṃ cāgrato dṛṣṭvā yuddhāya samupasthitam ॥
युद्धपरिश्रान्तम् yuddhapariśrāntam worn out by the fighting चिन्तया cintayā in worry, lost in thought समुपस्थितम् samupasthitam standing ready तब युद्ध से थककर चिंता में डूबे हुए रणभूमि में खड़े श्रीराम ने सामने रावण को युद्ध के लिए तैयार देखा,
Then, as Ram stood on the battlefield worn out by the fighting and lost in thought, and saw Ravana before him ready for battle,
The scene is the last battle of the Ramayana. Ram has been fighting for a long time and stands tired and worried, while Ravana is ready to fight again. The hymn begins as a story, told by the narrator of the Ramayana.
दैवतैश्च समागम्य द्रष्टुमभ्यागतो रणम् । उपागम्याब्रवीद्राममगस्त्यो भगवानृषिः ॥
daivataiśca samāgamya draṣṭumabhyāgato raṇam । upāgamyābravīdrāmamagastyo bhagavānṛṣiḥ ॥
दैवतैः daivataiḥ with the gods रणम् raṇam the battle अगस्त्यः agastyaḥ the sage Agastya तब देवताओं के साथ युद्ध देखने आए भगवान ऋषि अगस्त्य श्रीराम के पास आकर बोले:
the revered sage Agastya, who had come with the gods to watch the battle, approached Ram and said:
The sage Agastya has come with the gods to watch the battle. In the Ramayana he had earlier given Ram a divine bow and arrows during the forest years; here he comes forward again as Ram's teacher.
राम राम महाबाहो शृणु गुह्यं सनातनम् । येन सर्वानरीन् वत्स समरे विजयिष्यसि ॥
rāma rāma mahābāho śṛṇu guhyaṃ sanātanam । yena sarvānarīn vatsa samare vijayiṣyasi ॥
गुह्यम् guhyam secret सनातनम् sanātanam eternal वत्स vatsa my child अरीन् arīn enemies "हे महाबाहु राम, यह सनातन गुप्त रहस्य सुनो, जिससे, वत्स, तुम युद्ध में सब शत्रुओं पर विजय पाओगे।
"Ram, mighty-armed Ram, listen to this eternal secret, by which, my child, you will overcome all your enemies in battle.
Agastya calls the hymn a secret (guhya) and eternal (sanatana): a teaching handed down, now given to Ram for this moment. He addresses Ram tenderly as "vatsa", my child.
आदित्यहृदयं पुण्यं सर्वशत्रुविनाशनम् । जयावहं जपेन्नित्यमक्षयं परमं शिवम् ॥
ādityahṛdayaṃ puṇyaṃ sarvaśatruvināśanam । jayāvahaṃ japennityamakṣayaṃ paramaṃ śivam ॥
आदित्यहृदयम् ādityahṛdayam the heart of Aditya जयावहम् jayāvaham bringing victory अक्षयम् akṣayam imperishable यह आदित्य हृदय है: पवित्र, सब शत्रुओं का नाश करने वाला, विजय दिलाने वाला, जिसका नित्य जप करना चाहिए; अक्षय, परम और कल्याणकारी;
It is the Aditya Hridayam: holy, destroyer of all enemies, bringer of victory, to be recited always; imperishable, supreme and auspicious;
Here the hymn is named: Aditya Hridayam, "the heart of Aditya", the Sun as son of Aditi. Agastya lists what it gives: it is holy, destroys enemies and brings victory, and should be recited always.
सर्वमङ्गलमाङ्गल्यं सर्वपापप्रणाशनम् । चिन्ताशोकप्रशमनमायुर्वर्धनमुत्तमम् ॥
sarvamaṅgalamāṅgalyaṃ sarvapāpapraṇāśanam । cintāśokapraśamanamāyurvardhanamuttamam ॥
सर्वमङ्गलमाङ्गल्यम् sarvamaṅgalamāṅgalyam most auspicious of all auspicious things चिन्ताशोकप्रशमनम् cintāśokapraśamanam calming worry and grief आयुर्वर्धनम् āyurvardhanam lengthening life सब मंगलों में मंगल, सब पापों का नाश करने वाला, चिंता और शोक को शांत करने वाला, आयु बढ़ाने वाला उत्तम स्तोत्र।
the most auspicious of all auspicious things, destroyer of all sins, remover of worry and grief, the best increaser of life.
The praise of the hymn continues: it is the most auspicious of all auspicious things, removes sin, calms worry and grief, and lengthens life. Worry and grief are exactly what Ram feels at this moment.
रश्मिमन्तं समुद्यन्तं देवासुरनमस्कृतम् । पूजयस्व विवस्वन्तं भास्करं भुवनेश्वरम् ॥
raśmimantaṃ samudyantaṃ devāsuranamaskṛtam । pūjayasva vivasvantaṃ bhāskaraṃ bhuvaneśvaram ॥
रश्मिमन्तम् raśmimantam the one with rays समुद्यन्तम् samudyantam rising विवस्वन्तम् vivasvantam Vivasvan, the Sun भुवनेश्वरम् bhuvaneśvaram lord of the worlds किरणों वाले, उदित होते हुए, देवताओं और असुरों द्वारा नमस्कृत विवस्वान, भास्कर, भुवनेश्वर की पूजा करो।
Worship Vivasvan, the rayed one, as he rises, honoured by gods and asuras: Bhaskara, lord of the worlds.
Now the instruction: worship the rising Sun. Vivasvan, Bhaskara (maker of light) and Bhuvaneshvara (lord of the worlds) are all names of the Sun. Gods and asuras alike bow to him.
सर्वदेवात्मको ह्येष तेजस्वी रश्मिभावनः । एष देवासुरगणाँल्लोकान् पाति गभस्तिभिः ॥
sarvadevātmako hyeṣa tejasvī raśmibhāvanaḥ । eṣa devāsuragaṇām̐llokān pāti gabhastibhiḥ ॥
सर्वदेवात्मकः sarvadevātmakaḥ the self of all the gods तेजस्वी tejasvī radiant गभस्तिभिः gabhastibhiḥ with his rays ये सब देवताओं के आत्मा हैं, तेजस्वी और किरणों के उत्पत्तिकर्ता; ये अपनी किरणों से देवताओं, असुरों और सब लोकों का पालन करते हैं।
He is the self of all the gods, radiant, the source of rays; with his rays he sustains the worlds and the hosts of gods and asuras.
The Sun is called the self of all the gods. His rays are what keep the worlds alive, gods and asuras alike.
एष ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च शिवः स्कन्दः प्रजापतिः । महेन्द्रो धनदः कालो यमः सोमो ह्यपां पतिः ॥
eṣa brahmā ca viṣṇuśca śivaḥ skandaḥ prajāpatiḥ । mahendro dhanadaḥ kālo yamaḥ somo hyapāṃ patiḥ ॥
धनदः dhanadaḥ Kubera, giver of wealth कालः kālaḥ Time अपां पतिः apāṃ patiḥ lord of the waters, Varuna ये ही ब्रह्मा, विष्णु, शिव, स्कंद और प्रजापति हैं; महेंद्र, धन देने वाले कुबेर, काल, यम, सोम और जल के स्वामी वरुण हैं;
He is Brahma and Vishnu, Shiva, Skanda and Prajapati; Mahendra, Kubera giver of wealth, Kala, Yama, Soma and Varuna, lord of the waters;
This verse and the next say that the Sun is every god: the three great gods Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, and also Skanda, Indra (Mahendra), Kubera (Dhanada, giver of wealth), Time, Yama, the Moon and Varuna, lord of the waters. It is a way of saying that one divine power stands behind all the gods.
पितरो वसवः साध्या ह्यश्विनौ मरुतो मनुः । वायुर्वह्निः प्रजाप्राण ऋतुकर्ता प्रभाकरः ॥
pitaro vasavaḥ sādhyā hyaśvinau maruto manuḥ । vāyurvahniḥ prajāprāṇa ṛtukartā prabhākaraḥ ॥
पितरः pitaraḥ the ancestors प्रजाप्राणः prajāprāṇaḥ the breath of living beings ऋतुकर्ता ṛtukartā maker of the seasons पितर, वसु, साध्य, दोनों अश्विनीकुमार, मरुद्गण और मनु; वायु, अग्नि, प्रजा के प्राण, ऋतुओं को बनाने वाले, प्रकाश करने वाले।
the ancestors, the Vasus, the Sadhyas, the two Ashvins, the Maruts and Manu; Vayu, Agni, the breath of all creatures, maker of the seasons, maker of light.
The list goes on: the ancestors (pitars), the groups of gods called Vasus, Sadhyas and Maruts, the twin Ashvins, Manu, the wind and fire. He is also the breath of living beings and the maker of the seasons, since the seasons follow the Sun.
आदित्यः सविता सूर्यः खगः पूषा गभस्तिमान् । सुवर्णसदृशो भानुर्हिरण्यरेता दिवाकरः ॥
ādityaḥ savitā sūryaḥ khagaḥ pūṣā gabhastimān । suvarṇasadṛśo bhānurhiraṇyaretā divākaraḥ ॥
सविता savitā the one who stirs to life खगः khagaḥ who moves through the sky पूषा pūṣā the nourisher दिवाकरः divākaraḥ maker of the day ये आदित्य, सविता, सूर्य, आकाश में चलने वाले, पूषा, किरणों वाले हैं; सोने के समान वर्ण वाले, भानु, हिरण्यरेता, दिवाकर।
He is Aditya, Savita, Surya, the sky-goer, Pushan, the rayed one; golden in hue, Bhanu, whose seed is gold, the maker of day.
From here the hymn names the Sun by many of his own names. Aditya (son of Aditi), Savita (the one who stirs to life), Surya, Pushan (the nourisher), Bhanu (the shining one) and Divakara (maker of the day) are all names of the Sun.
हरिदश्वः सहस्रार्चिः सप्तसप्तिर्मरीचिमान् । तिमिरोन्मथनः शम्भुस्त्वष्टा मार्ताण्ड अंशुमान् ॥
haridaśvaḥ sahasrārciḥ saptasaptirmarīcimān । timironmathanaḥ śambhustvaṣṭā mārtāṇḍa aṃśumān ॥
हरिदश्वः haridaśvaḥ drawn by green (or tawny) horses सप्तसप्तिः saptasaptiḥ drawn by seven horses तिमिरोन्मथनः timironmathanaḥ destroyer of darkness मार्ताण्डः mārtāṇḍaḥ Martanda, a name of the Sun हरे घोड़ों वाले, सहस्र किरणों वाले, सात घोड़ों वाले, प्रकाशमान; अंधकार को मिटाने वाले, शंभु, त्वष्टा, मार्तंड, अंशुमान।
Drawn by green horses, thousand-rayed, drawn by seven horses, full of light; destroyer of darkness, Shambhu, Tvashta, Martanda, Amshuman.
More names, many from his chariot and his light: drawn by green or tawny horses, by seven horses, with a thousand rays. Shambhu and Tvashta are names usually given to Shiva and to the divine craftsman; here they are applied to the Sun.
हिरण्यगर्भः शिशिरस्तपनो भास्करो रविः । अग्निगर्भोऽदितेः पुत्रः शङ्खः शिशिरनाशनः ॥
hiraṇyagarbhaḥ śiśirastapano bhāskaro raviḥ । agnigarbho'diteḥ putraḥ śaṅkhaḥ śiśiranāśanaḥ ॥
हिरण्यगर्भः hiraṇyagarbhaḥ the golden womb, source of creation अदितेः पुत्रः aditeḥ putraḥ son of Aditi शिशिरनाशनः śiśiranāśanaḥ destroyer of cold हिरण्यगर्भ, शिशिर और तपन, भास्कर, रवि; भीतर अग्नि धारण करने वाले, अदिति के पुत्र, शंख, शीत का नाश करने वाले।
Hiranyagarbha, the cool one and the heating one, Bhaskara, Ravi; bearing fire within, son of Aditi, Shankha, destroyer of cold.
Hiranyagarbha, the golden womb, is a name for the source of creation. The Sun is called both the gentle one and the burning one, bearing fire within; he is the son of Aditi and drives away the cold.
व्योमनाथस्तमोभेदी ऋग्यजुःसामपारगः । घनवृष्टिरपां मित्रो विन्ध्यवीथीप्लवंगमः ॥
vyomanāthastamobhedī ṛgyajuḥsāmapāragaḥ । ghanavṛṣṭirapāṃ mitro vindhyavīthīplavaṃgamaḥ ॥
व्योमनाथः vyomanāthaḥ lord of the sky तमोभेदी tamobhedī piercer of darkness घनवृष्टिः ghanavṛṣṭiḥ bringer of heavy rain आकाश के स्वामी, अंधकार को भेदने वाले, ऋग्, यजु और साम वेदों के पारंगत; घनी वर्षा करने वाले, जल के मित्र, विंध्य के मार्ग पर तीव्र गति से चलने वाले।
Lord of the sky, piercer of darkness, master of the Rig, Yajur and Sama Vedas; source of heavy rain, friend of the waters, who moves swiftly along the Vindhya path.
He is lord of the sky and master of the three Vedas, Rig, Yajur and Sama. He brings the rain clouds and is a friend of the waters, since the Sun draws up water and returns it as rain.
आतपी मण्डली मृत्युः पिङ्गलः सर्वतापनः । कविर्विश्वो महातेजा रक्तः सर्वभवोद्भवः ॥
ātapī maṇḍalī mṛtyuḥ piṅgalaḥ sarvatāpanaḥ । kavirviśvo mahātejā raktaḥ sarvabhavodbhavaḥ ॥
मण्डली maṇḍalī the orb पिङ्गलः piṅgalaḥ the tawny one सर्वभवोद्भवः sarvabhavodbhavaḥ source of all that comes to be तपाने वाले, मंडल रूप, मृत्यु, पिंगल वर्ण, सबको तपाने वाले; कवि, विश्व रूप, महातेजस्वी, लाल वर्ण, सब उत्पत्ति के कारण।
The scorching one, the orb, death, the tawny one, who heats all; the seer, the universe, of great brilliance, the red one, source of all that comes to be.
The Sun is the scorching one and the orb, and even death, since he measures out the days of every life. He is the seer (kavi), the whole universe, and the source of all that comes to be.
नक्षत्रग्रहताराणामधिपो विश्वभावनः । तेजसामपि तेजस्वी द्वादशात्मन् नमोऽस्तु ते ॥
nakṣatragrahatārāṇāmadhipo viśvabhāvanaḥ । tejasāmapi tejasvī dvādaśātman namo'stu te ॥
नक्षत्रग्रहताराणाम् nakṣatragrahatārāṇām of the nakshatras, planets and stars विश्वभावनः viśvabhāvanaḥ sustainer of the universe द्वादशात्मन् dvādaśātman you of twelve forms नक्षत्रों, ग्रहों और तारों के स्वामी, विश्व के पालक, तेजस्वियों में भी तेजस्वी: बारह रूपों वाले, आपको नमस्कार।
Lord of the nakshatras, planets and stars, sustainer of the universe, most radiant even among the radiant: you of twelve forms, salutations to you.
He is lord of the stars and planets, and the most radiant of all radiant things. "Of twelve forms" refers to the twelve Adityas, the sons of Aditi, who are often linked with the twelve months of the year.
नमः पूर्वाय गिरये पश्चिमायाद्रये नमः । ज्योतिर्गणानां पतये दिनाधिपतये नमः ॥
namaḥ pūrvāya giraye paścimāyādraye namaḥ । jyotirgaṇānāṃ pataye dinādhipataye namaḥ ॥
पूर्वाय गिरये pūrvāya giraye to the eastern mountain पश्चिमायाद्रये paścimāyādraye to the western mountain दिनाधिपतये dinādhipataye to the lord of the day पूर्व पर्वत (उदयाचल) को नमस्कार, पश्चिम पर्वत (अस्ताचल) को नमस्कार; ज्योतिर्गणों के स्वामी, दिन के अधिपति को नमस्कार।
Salutations to the eastern mountain, salutations to the western mountain; salutations to the lord of the hosts of lights, to the lord of the day.
The salutations begin here. The eastern and western mountains are the mountains of sunrise and sunset, behind which the Sun rises and sets; the Sun is saluted as both.
जयाय जयभद्राय हर्यश्वाय नमो नमः । नमो नमः सहस्रांशो आदित्याय नमो नमः ॥
jayāya jayabhadrāya haryaśvāya namo namaḥ । namo namaḥ sahasrāṃśo ādityāya namo namaḥ ॥
जयाय jayāya to victory जयभद्राय jayabhadrāya to the good fortune of victory सहस्रांशो sahasrāṃśo O thousand-rayed one जय रूप, जय और कल्याण देने वाले, हरे घोड़ों वाले को बार-बार नमस्कार; हे सहस्र किरणों वाले, आदित्य को बार-बार नमस्कार।
Salutations again and again to the victorious one, to the blessing of victory, to the one with green horses; salutations again and again, thousand-rayed one, to Aditya.
The Sun is saluted as victory itself and as the good fortune that victory brings, which is what Ram needs before the battle.
नम उग्राय वीराय सारङ्गाय नमो नमः । नमः पद्मप्रबोधाय मार्ताण्डाय नमो नमः ॥
nama ugrāya vīrāya sāraṅgāya namo namaḥ । namaḥ padmaprabodhāya mārtāṇḍāya namo namaḥ ॥
उग्राय ugrāya to the fierce one पद्मप्रबोधाय padmaprabodhāya to the one who wakes the lotus मार्ताण्डाय mārtāṇḍāya to Martanda उग्र, वीर, तीव्र गति वाले को बार-बार नमस्कार; कमलों को खिलाने वाले मार्तंड को बार-बार नमस्कार।
Salutations to the fierce one, the hero, the swift; salutations to him who wakes the lotus, to Martanda, again and again.
He is fierce and heroic, and he is also the one who wakes the lotus, since the lotus opens at sunrise.
ब्रह्मेशानाच्युतेशाय सूर्यायादित्यवर्चसे । भास्वते सर्वभक्षाय रौद्राय वपुषे नमः ॥
brahmeśānācyuteśāya sūryāyādityavarcase । bhāsvate sarvabhakṣāya raudrāya vapuṣe namaḥ ॥
ब्रह्मेशानाच्युतेशाय brahmeśānācyuteśāya to the lord of Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu सर्वभक्षाय sarvabhakṣāya to the devourer of all रौद्राय raudrāya to the fierce one ब्रह्मा, शिव और विष्णु के स्वामी, सूर्य, आदित्य के तेज; प्रकाशमान, सबका भक्षण करने वाले, रौद्र रूप वाले को नमस्कार।
To the lord of Brahma, Ishana and Achyuta, to Surya, the splendour of Aditya; to the shining one, devourer of all, of fierce form, salutations.
The Sun is called lord of Brahma, Ishana (Shiva) and Achyuta (Vishnu), again placing him above or behind all the gods. As the devourer of all, he is also the time that consumes everything.
तमोघ्नाय हिमघ्नाय शत्रुघ्नायामितात्मने । कृतघ्नघ्नाय देवाय ज्योतिषां पतये नमः ॥
tamoghnāya himaghnāya śatrughnāyāmitātmane । kṛtaghnaghnāya devāya jyotiṣāṃ pataye namaḥ ॥
तमोघ्नाय tamoghnāya to the destroyer of darkness कृतघ्नघ्नाय kṛtaghnaghnāya to the destroyer of the ungrateful ज्योतिषां पतये jyotiṣāṃ pataye to the lord of lights अंधकार, शीत और शत्रुओं का नाश करने वाले, अपरिमित आत्मा वाले; कृतघ्नों का नाश करने वाले, ज्योतियों के स्वामी देव को नमस्कार।
To the destroyer of darkness, of cold and of enemies, of boundless self; to the destroyer of the ungrateful, the god, lord of all lights, salutations.
He destroys darkness, cold and enemies, and also the ungrateful (kritaghna), those who forget the good done to them. He is lord of all lights.
तप्तचामीकराभाय वह्नये विश्वकर्मणे । नमस्तमोऽभिनिघ्नाय रुचये लोकसाक्षिणे ॥
taptacāmīkarābhāya vahnaye viśvakarmaṇe । namastamo'bhinighnāya rucaye lokasākṣiṇe ॥
तप्तचामीकराभाय taptacāmīkarābhāya to him who shines like molten gold विश्वकर्मणे viśvakarmaṇe to the maker of all लोकसाक्षिणे lokasākṣiṇe to the witness of the world तपे हुए सोने के समान आभा वाले, अग्नि रूप, विश्व के रचयिता; अंधकार का नाश करने वाले, कांतिमान, लोक के साक्षी को नमस्कार।
To him who shines like molten gold, to the fire, the maker of all; salutations to the destroyer of darkness, the radiance, the witness of the world.
He shines like molten gold and is fire itself. As the witness of the world, he sees everything that is done under the sky.
नाशयत्येष वै भूतं तदेव सृजति प्रभुः । पायत्येष तपत्येष वर्षत्येष गभस्तिभिः ॥
nāśayatyeṣa vai bhūtaṃ tadeva sṛjati prabhuḥ । pāyatyeṣa tapatyeṣa varṣatyeṣa gabhastibhiḥ ॥
नाशयति nāśayati destroys सृजति sṛjati creates वर्षति varṣati sends rain ये प्रभु ही सब भूतों का नाश करते हैं और फिर उन्हें रचते हैं; ये अपनी किरणों से सुखाते, तपाते और बरसाते हैं।
This lord destroys all that has come to be, and creates it again; with his rays he dries, he heats, he sends the rain.
After the salutations, Agastya describes the Sun's work: he destroys and creates again, and with his rays he dries, heats and sends rain. The cycle of the year depends on him.
एष सुप्तेषु जागर्ति भूतेषु परिनिष्ठितः । एष एवाग्निहोत्रं च फलं चैवाग्निहोत्रिणाम् ॥
eṣa supteṣu jāgarti bhūteṣu pariniṣṭhitaḥ । eṣa evāgnihotraṃ ca phalaṃ caivāgnihotriṇām ॥
सुप्तेषु जागर्ति supteṣu jāgarti is awake in those who sleep परिनिष्ठितः pariniṣṭhitaḥ dwelling within अग्निहोत्रम् agnihotram the daily fire offering सबके सो जाने पर भी ये प्राणियों के भीतर स्थित होकर जागते हैं; ये ही अग्निहोत्र हैं और अग्निहोत्र करने वालों का फल भी।
He is awake in those who sleep, dwelling within all beings; he is the agnihotra itself, and the fruit gained by those who offer it.
He stays awake in those who sleep, as the life within all beings. The agnihotra is the daily fire offering made at sunrise and sunset; the Sun is called both the offering and its reward.
वेदाश्च क्रतवश्चैव क्रतूनां फलमेव च । यानि कृत्यानि लोकेषु सर्व एष रविः प्रभुः ॥
vedāśca kratavaścaiva kratūnāṃ phalameva ca । yāni kṛtyāni lokeṣu sarva eṣa raviḥ prabhuḥ ॥
क्रतवः kratavaḥ the sacrifices क्रतूनां फलम् kratūnāṃ phalam the fruit of the sacrifices कृत्यानि kṛtyāni deeds वेद, यज्ञ और यज्ञों का फल भी ये ही हैं; लोकों में जितने भी कर्म होते हैं, उन सबके प्रभु ये रवि ही हैं।
He is the Vedas, the sacrifices and the fruit of the sacrifices; whatever deeds are done in the worlds, the lord Ravi is all of them.
He is the Vedas, the sacrifices and their fruit, and every action done in the world. This sums up the teaching of the middle verses: the Sun is all.
एनमापत्सु कृच्छ्रेषु कान्तारेषु भयेषु च । कीर्तयन् पुरुषः कश्चिन्नावसीदति राघव ॥
enamāpatsu kṛcchreṣu kāntāreṣu bhayeṣu ca । kīrtayan puruṣaḥ kaścinnāvasīdati rāghava ॥
आपत्सु āpatsu in calamities कान्तारेषु kāntāreṣu in wild places नावसीदति nāvasīdati does not sink, does not despair राघव rāghava Raghava, Ram हे राघव, विपत्ति में, कष्ट में, दुर्गम मार्ग में और भय के समय जो कोई इनका कीर्तन करता है, वह दुःख नहीं पाता।
Raghava, no one who praises him in calamities, in hardships, in wild places and in times of fear ever comes to grief.
Agastya now turns to the benefit of the hymn: whoever praises the Sun in danger, hardship, wild places or fear does not sink. He calls Ram "Raghava", descendant of Raghu.
पूजयस्वैनमेकाग्रो देवदेवं जगत्पतिम् । एतत् त्रिगुणितं जप्त्वा युद्धेषु विजयिष्यसि ॥
pūjayasvainamekāgro devadevaṃ jagatpatim । etat triguṇitaṃ japtvā yuddheṣu vijayiṣyasi ॥
एकाग्रः ekāgraḥ with a one-pointed mind देवदेवम् devadevam the god of gods त्रिगुणितम् triguṇitam three times एकाग्र होकर देवों के देव, जगत के स्वामी इनकी पूजा करो; इसका तीन बार जप करके तुम युद्ध में विजय पाओगे।
Worship him with a one-pointed mind, the god of gods, lord of the world; reciting this three times, you will win in battle.
The method is given: worship with a one-pointed mind and recite the hymn three times. Many who recite it today follow this, reciting it three times.
अस्मिन् क्षणे महाबाहो रावणं त्वं वधिष्यसि । एवमुक्त्वा तदाऽगस्त्यो जगाम च यथागतम् ॥
asmin kṣaṇe mahābāho rāvaṇaṃ tvaṃ vadhiṣyasi । evamuktvā tadā'gastyo jagāma ca yathāgatam ॥
अस्मिन् क्षणे asmin kṣaṇe at this very moment वधिष्यसि vadhiṣyasi you will slay यथागतम् yathāgatam as he had come हे महाबाहु, इसी क्षण तुम रावण का वध करोगे।" यह कहकर अगस्त्य जैसे आए थे वैसे ही चले गए।
Mighty-armed one, at this very moment you will slay Ravana." Having said this, Agastya went away as he had come.
Agastya promises that Ram will kill Ravana at this very moment, and leaves as he came. The teaching ends here; the rest of the passage tells what Ram did.
एतच्छ्रुत्वा महातेजा नष्टशोकोऽभवत्तदा । धारयामास सुप्रीतो राघवः प्रयतात्मवान् ॥
etacchrutvā mahātejā naṣṭaśoko'bhavattadā । dhārayāmāsa suprīto rāghavaḥ prayatātmavān ॥
नष्टशोकः naṣṭaśokaḥ freed of grief सुप्रीतः suprītaḥ well pleased प्रयतात्मवान् prayatātmavān self-controlled यह सुनकर महातेजस्वी राघव का शोक दूर हो गया; प्रसन्न और संयमित मन से उन्होंने इसे धारण किया।
Hearing this, the radiant Raghava was freed of grief; well pleased and self-controlled, he took the teaching to heart.
Hearing the hymn, Ram's grief left him. The grief and worry of the first verse are answered.
आदित्यं प्रेक्ष्य जप्त्वा तु परं हर्षमवाप्तवान् । त्रिराचम्य शुचिर्भूत्वा धनुरादाय वीर्यवान् ॥
ādityaṃ prekṣya japtvā tu paraṃ harṣamavāptavān । trirācamya śucirbhūtvā dhanurādāya vīryavān ॥
प्रेक्ष्य prekṣya looking at त्रिराचम्य trirācamya sipping water three times धनुरादाय dhanurādāya taking up the bow सूर्य की ओर देखकर इसका जप करके उन्हें परम हर्ष हुआ; तीन बार आचमन कर शुद्ध होकर पराक्रमी राम ने धनुष उठाया।
Looking at the Sun and reciting it, he felt the greatest joy; sipping water three times and becoming pure, the valiant one took up his bow.
Ram looks at the Sun and recites the hymn, then sips water three times (achamana), the small rite of purification done before worship or an important act, and takes up his bow.
रावणं प्रेक्ष्य हृष्टात्मा युद्धाय समुपागमत् । सर्वयत्नेन महता वधे तस्य धृतोऽभवत् ॥
rāvaṇaṃ prekṣya hṛṣṭātmā yuddhāya samupāgamat । sarvayatnena mahatā vadhe tasya dhṛto'bhavat ॥
हृष्टात्मा hṛṣṭātmā glad at heart सर्वयत्नेन sarvayatnena with all his effort धृतः dhṛtaḥ resolved रावण को देखकर प्रसन्न मन से वे युद्ध को आगे बढ़े, और पूरे महान प्रयत्न से उसके वध का निश्चय किया।
Seeing Ravana, glad at heart, he advanced to fight, resolved with all his great effort on Ravana's death.
Glad at heart, Ram goes forward to fight, determined to end Ravana.
अथ रविरवदन्निरीक्ष्य रामं मुदितमनाः परमं प्रहृष्यमाणः । निशिचरपतिसंक्षयं विदित्वा सुरगणमध्यगतो वचस्त्वरेति ॥
atha raviravadannirīkṣya rāmaṃ muditamanāḥ paramaṃ prahṛṣyamāṇaḥ । niśicarapatisaṃkṣayaṃ viditvā suragaṇamadhyagato vacastvareti ॥
रविः raviḥ the Sun निशिचरपतिसंक्षयम् niśicarapatisaṃkṣayam the end of the lord of the night-walkers त्वर tvara make haste तब देवगणों के बीच खड़े सूर्य ने राम की ओर देखा, और प्रसन्न मन से, अत्यंत हर्षित होकर, निशाचरों के स्वामी (रावण) का अंत निकट जानकर कहा: "शीघ्रता करो।"
Then the Sun, standing among the hosts of gods, looked at Ram and, glad at heart and full of joy, knowing that the end of the lord of the night-walkers was near, said: "Make haste."
The Sun himself, standing among the gods, sees that Ravana's end is near and tells Ram to make haste. Ravana is called lord of the night-walkers (nishachara), a name for the rakshasas. This last verse is in a longer metre than the others.
Sources & checks
- Commentary by
- SanatanVani editorial process
- Checked by
- SanatanVani editorial process
- Sources
- Ādityahṛdayam, Wikipedia (2026)
- Surya, Wikipedia (2026)
- Adityas, Wikipedia (2026)
- Agnihotra, Wikipedia (2026)